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RESEARCH

DIAGRAMMING ADDICTION

Our work reveals that addiction is more than a "cycle," which connotes a closed loop beginning and ending with the individual. Rather, it is a labyrinth, with systems and flows that overlap, intersect, misalign, and often fail. Click a category below to learn more.

HEALTHCARE

PHARMACEUTICALS

GOVERNMENT

ILLEGAL TRADE

LOCAL INSTITUTIONS

ENVIRONMENT &

ECONOMY

ILLEGAL TRADE

The history, landscapes, and infrastructures of opium and opioids

A Brief History of Opium

Opium Use in the 19th Century

Poppy Cultivation in Afghanistan

Heroin Flow from Afghanistan

Poppy Cultivation in Mexico

Heroin Bust in New York

Poppy Cultivation and Distribution into the U.S.

Trafficking Between the U.S. and Mexico

Vehicles for Drug Trafficking

Vehicle Highlight: The Octocopter

Infrastructure Highlight: Interstate 95

Interstate 95 in Miami

Interstate 95 in the Northeast

Illegal Fentanyl in New England

State Highlight: Kentucky

HEALTHCARE

National, regional, and local conditions

National Drug Overdose Overview, 2015

Fatal Overdose Rates by Region: Kentucky and West Virginia

Fatal Overdose Rates by Region: Massachusetts and New Hampshire

Infrastructure and Hospitals in Massachusetts and New Hamphire

Case Study: Lowell, Massachusetts

Lowell, 1910

Lowell, Present Day

Lowell General Hospital

Emergency Care Accessibility on a Typical Weekday

Emergency Care Accessibility on a Typical Weekend

Winter Driving Conditions

Interstate 93

Existing Public Transportation

Case Study: Manchester, New Hampshire

Emergency Care Accessibility on a Typical Weekday

Emergency Care Accessibility on a Typical Weekend

Manchester, Present Day

Catholic Medical Center

Case Study: Hospitals in Kentucky and West Virginia

Pineville Community Hospital

Norton Women’s & Kosair Children’s Hospital

Mon Health Medical Center

PHARMACEUTICALS

Lobbying, products, and prescriptions

Lobbying by Industries

Lobbying by Companies

Product: OxyContin

Highlight: Purdue Pharma, OxyContin Maker

Antidote: Naloxone

Naloxone Prices

Coal Mining Employment and Dispensed Prescriptions

ENVIRONMENT & ECONOMY

National, regional, and local conditions

Economic Structure: Kentucky, West Virginia, and the U.S.

Unemployment and Overdose Death Rates in Kentucky and West Virginia

Overdose Death Rates and Median Incomes in Kentucky and West Virginia

Contaminated Water Analysis in Kentucky

2. Contaminated Water Analysis in Kentucky and West Virginia

Drinking Water Analysis in Kentucky and West Virginia

Case Study: Majestic, Kentucky

The Majestic Community

Eastern Kentucky Strip Mines, 1960s

6. How Strip Mining Pollutes Water

Water Polluted with Sulfur

Majestic KY

The Tug River

There are residents in the polluted water zones: the red rectangles mark houses in this area. These residents have been threatened by the polluted water, which can cause cancer or other respiratory illness. The pollution has also led to a decrease in environmental tourism and loss of wildlife habitat.

Furthermore, explosions from nearby strip mines may cause damage to house foundations over time.

Case Study: Manufacturing in New England

Top Manufacturing Industries in Massachusetts and New Hampshire

Manufactuing Output in Billions of Dollars

Manufacturing Employment in Massachusetts and New Hampshire

Case Study: Quarries and Forests in New England

A Brief History of Natural Resources in the Northeast

Historic View of Concord NH

Granite Quarries in New Hampshire

Unemployment Rates and Industrial Acitivity

Forest Economy in New Hampshire

Forestation and Mineral Plants in Massachusetts and New Hampshire

LOCAL INSTITUTIONS

Three Counties in Appalachia

Educational Institutions in Kentucky and West Virginia

Three Focus Areas

Area 1: Booneville KY

Area 2: Beckley WV